Hell -exothermic or endothermic?

HELL EXPLAINED BY CHEMISTRY STUDENT

The following is an actual question given on a University of Washington chemistry mid term.

The answer by one student was so 'profound' that the professor shared it with colleagues, via the Internet, which is, of course, why we now have the pleasure of enjoying it as well :


Question: Is Hell exothermic (gives off heat) or endothermic (absorbs heat)?

Most of the students wrote proofs of their beliefs using Boyle's Law (gas cools when it expands and heats when it is compressed) or some variant.

One student, however, wrote the following:

First, we need to know how the mass of Hell is changing in time. So we need to know the rate at which souls are moving into Hell and the rate at which they are leaving. I think that we can safely assume that once a soul gets to Hell, it will not leave. Therefore, no souls are leaving. As for how many souls are entering Hell, let's look at the different religions that exist in the world today.

Most of these religions state that if you are not a member of their religion, you will go to Hell. Since there is more than one of these religions and since people do not belong to more than one religion, we can project that all souls go to Hell. With birth and death rates as they are, we can expect the number of souls in Hell to increase exponentially. Now, we look at the rate of change of the volume in Hell because Boyle's Law states that in order for the temperature and pressure in Hell to stay the same, the volume of Hell has to expand proportionately as souls are added.

This gives two possibilities:

1. If Hell is expanding at a slower rate than the rate at which souls enter Hell, then the temperature and pressure in Hell will increase until all Hell breaks loose.

2. If Hell is expanding at a rate faster than the increase of souls in Hell,then the temperature and pressure will drop until Hell freezes over.

So which is it?

If we accept the postulate given to me by Teresa during my Freshman year that, 'It will be a cold day in Hell before I sleep with you,' and take into account the fact that I slept with her last night, then number two must be true, and thus I am sure that Hell is exothermic and has already frozen over. The corollary of this theory is that since Hell has frozen over, it follows that it is not accepting any more souls and is therefore, extinct......leaving only Heaven, thereby proving the existence of a divine being which explains why, last night, Teresa kept shouting 'Oh my God.'


THIS STUDENT RECEIVED AN A+. 

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What you wrote, what you meant and what you actually did......

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wEIRd search suggestions and results by Google

When it comes to searching, there's no one who does it better than Google. The auto-complete feature that Google provides is also quite cool but some of its auto-fills are 'weird' to say the least.

          

           

              

Some search results that google returns can be funny too:

• Ask google 'what to do if inside of a grill gets wet' and all the results tell you:

• Ask google to 'find chuck norris' and click on I'm feeling lucky.This is the result:

• Ask google to 'find french military victories' and click on I'm feeling lucky:

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Unbelievable facts...(Random)

• If you get struck by lightning, your body temperature can go up to 28,000 centigrade, which is hotter even than the surface of the Sun.
• Every continent's name starts and ends with the same letter.
•  Assuming no incest, tracing your family tree 25 generations will give you 33,554,432 direct ancestors.
• If all the people in China stood up on a chair and jumped together, the Earth would be displaced from its axis.
• Children laugh about 400 times a day while adults laugh only about 15 times.
• Adolf Hitler had only one testicle. 
• If the entire population of China were to walk past you in a single file,the line would never end.The reason being the rate of reproduction.
• Typewriter is the longest that can be typed using just one row of the keyboard.
• The stars in the sky are at an average distance of 20 million miles from each other.
• A chameleon can move its eyes in different direction at the same time.
• The orbit of moon around the Earth can easily fit inside the Sun.
• An asteroid managed to wipe out all the dinosaurs off the Earth but didn't harm a single species of toads or salamanders or crocodiles.
• If a ball if thrown into a well to the centre of Earth, it would take 45 minutes to reach the bottom, 4000 miles away. If the well went through to the other end of the Earth, the ball wouldn't come out but keep oscillating in the well forever.
• 10 billion flakes of skin are shed by the body everyday.
• The largest mammal on Earth,the Blue Whale, has a heart of the size of a small car and its blood vessels are broad enough for a human to swim through them.
• In comparison to the left handed people, the right handed ones live nine years longer on average.
• The actual colour of a polar bear's hair is not white.It is actually clear and appears white as they are capable of reflecting light.
• The weight of Earth is about 6500 million million million tons.
• The heart stops for a second every time you sneeze. 
• 'Set' has the most definitions in English than any other word.
•  An octopus has three hearts.
• A type blood can be changed to O type with the use of a chicken liver.
• If you see the sun go out, behind a cloud or something, then it means that it went out 8 minutes ago since it takes 8-minutes for sunlight to reach the Earth.  
• Hummingbirds can fly backwards.
• On an average, a human eats 8 spiders while asleep. 
• The eyes of the human are of the same size from birth till death but ears and nose never stops growing.
• A cockroach is capable of surviving for 9 days without a head, after which it starves to death.
• The domain name 'business.com' was sold for $7.5 million.
• No babies can see colours when they are born.
• Tickling yourself isn't feasible as the cerebellum warns the brain about the action and then the brain ignores the resulting sensation. 
• The shortest war ever was fought in 1896 b/w Britain and Zanzibar and lasted only 38 minutes.
• The surface area of a lung is almost as much as that of a tennis court.
• An ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain.
• All elephants have bones only in the front part of the foot causing them to walk on tiptoe.
• Mosquito is the most dangerous insect known having contributed in more deaths than any other species on Earth.

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What may happen in 2012 that wipes out the world?

Although it seems just odd and highly improbable that the world will suddenly wipe off the face of Earth . But the hype around it is really immense. I looked up some ways which can end the world in a jiffy.Take a look and see if you agree.

• Asteroid Impact

(Image Source)

This is the first thing that comes to mind.They wiped out dinosaurs and can do it again. Rocks hit the Earth almost every day but none are big enough to cause any trouble.A huge one can still find its way to Earth although the chances are about 1 in 700,000. 

One more thing, since we are not dinosaurs, the chances are that we'll see one of them coming and destroy it or deflect it off path.

• Supernova 

(Image source)

A supernova  is a stellar explosion. Supernovae are extremely luminous and cause a burst of radiation that often briefly outshines an entire galaxy, before fading from view over several weeks or months. During this short interval, a supernova can radiate as much energy as the Sun could emit over its entire life span. The explosion expels much or all of a star's material at a velocity of up to 30,000 km/s (a tenth the speed of light), driving a shock wave into the surrounding interstellar medium. This shock wave sweeps up an expanding shell of gas and dust called a supernova remnant.

This surely is something capable of the task at hand but again it has odds of about 1 in 10,000,000 . 

• Gamma-ray Burst

 (Image Source)

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are flashes of gamma rays associated with extremely energetic explosions in distant galaxies. They are the most luminous electromagnetic events occurring in the universe. Bursts can last from milliseconds to nearly an hour, although a typical burst lasts a few seconds. The initial burst is usually followed by a longer-lived "afterglow" emitting at longer wavelengths.

Just a fact-Gamma rays are capable of penetrating a 30 cm thick sheet of metal.So, you can understand the danger.

Odds- 1 in 14,000,000.

• Solar Flare

(Image Source)

A solar flare is a large explosion in the Sun's atmosphere that can release as much as 6 × 10²⁵ joules of energy.

Odds- Almost nil

• Death Of Sun

(Image Source)

The Sun does not have enough mass to explode as a supernova. Instead, in about 5 billion years, it will enter a red giant phase, its outer layers expanding as the hydrogen fuel in the core is consumed and the core contracts and heats up. Helium fusion will begin when the core temperature reaches around 100 million kelvins and will produce carbon, entering the asymptotic giant branch phase.

When this happens, Earth would be toasted but do we need to start worrying now?It isn't going anywhere for billions of years.

• Black Hole

(Image Source)

A black hole is a region of space from which nothing, including light, can escape. So what chance does our poor Earth stand.

But odds of one coming close enough are about 1 in 1,000,000,000,000.

• Death of Universe

Earth is surely in danger if this happens, if all matter decays. Do I need to discuss the odds of this happening any time soon.

• Alien Attack

(Image Source-Crysis Warhead Screenshot)

The odds of this happening are probably better than some of the things discussed above. If aliens decide to attack us and give us severe nose bleeds we are in for a hard time.

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You don't want to resign like that ...or do you?

Fed up of your job and your slimy little ******** of a boss ?
Maybe it's time for you to quit and look for something else to do.But even though you hate your job the following are ways you don't want to adopt as a last impression. Or do you?

• You don't want to quit dancing in public ....or do you?

• You don't want to give your boss a heart attack (almost) ....or do you?

• You don't want to mess with the boss' computer ....or do you?

• You don't want to abuse your boss....or do you?

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Amazing Extinct Animals

All of us have heard about the various species under threat of extinction and loads of efforts are being made to help them survive. But many such species have already disappeared off the face of Earth...they are extinct.
Here are some of those amazing creatures that won't be seen again:

• Tyrannosaurus Rex (Extinct about 65 million years ago)

T. Rex is surely the first that comes to mind when you think of 'extinct animals'.

Tyrannosaurus rex was one of the largest land carnivores of all time; the largest complete specimen, measured 12.8 metres (42 ft) long, and was 4.0 metres (13 ft) tall at the hips. Mass estimates have varied widely over the years, from more than 7.2 metric tons (7.9 short tons), to less than 4.5 metric tons (5.0 short tons), with most modern estimates ranging between 5.4 and 6.8 metric tons (6.0 and 7.5 short tons).
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• Thylacine (extinct since 1936)

The Thylacine (Greek for "dog-headed pouched one") was the largest known carnivorous marsupial of modern times. It is commonly known as the Tasmanian Tiger (because of its striped back), the Tasmanian Wolf, and colloquially the Tassie (or Tazzy) Tiger or simply the Tiger. Native to continental Australia, Tasmania and New Guinea, it is thought to have become extinct in the twentieth century around 1936.

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• Irish Elk (Extinct  about 7,700 years ago)

The Irish Elk or Giant Deer (Megaloceros giganteus), was a species of Megaloceros and one of the largest deer that ever lived. Its range extended acrossEurasia, from Ireland to east of Lake Baikal, during the Late Pleistocene. The latest known remains of the species have been carbon dated to about 7,700 years ago.Although large numbers of skeletons have been found in Irish bogs, its common name, Irish Elk, is misleading as the animal was not exclusively Irish, and neither was it closely related to either of the living species currently called elk; for this reason, the name "Giant Deer" is preferred in more recent publications.

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• Quagga (Extinct since 1883)

The quagga (Equus quagga quagga) is an extinct subspecies of the Plains zebra, which was once found in great numbers in South Africa's Cape Province and the southern part of the Orange Free State. It was distinguished from other zebras by having the usual vivid marks on the front part of the body only. In the mid-section, the stripes faded and the dark, inter-stripe spaces became wider, and the rear parts were a plain brown. The name comes from a Khoikhoi word for zebra and is onomatopoeic, being said to resemble the quagga's call. The only quagga to have ever been photographed alive was a mare at the Zoological Society of London's Zoo in Regent's Park in 1870.

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• Megatherium (Extinct about 11,000 years ago)

Unlike its living relatives, the tree sloths, Megatherium was one of the largest mammals to walk the Earth, weighing five tons, about as much as an African bull elephant. Although it was primarily a quadruped, its footprints show that it was capable of assuming a bipedal stance. When it stood on its hind legs, it was about twice the height of an elephant, or about twenty feet tall. This sloth, like a modern anteater, walked on the sides of its feet because its claws prevented it from putting them flat on the ground. Megatherium species were members of the abundant Pleistocene megafauna, large mammals that lived during the Pleistocene epoch.

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• Woolly Mammoths (Extinct 11,000 years ago)

Woolly mammoths were elephant like animals with tusks as long as 3.5 m long.Unlike most other prehistoric animals, their remains are often not literally fossilized - that is, turned into stone - but rather are preserved in their organic state. This is due in part to the frozen climate of their habitats, and also to their massive size. Woolly mammoths are therefore among the best-understood prehistoric vertebrates known to science in terms of anatomy.

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• Dodo (Extinct since late 17th century)

The dodo (Raphus cucullatus) was a flightless bird endemic to the Indian Ocean island of Mauritius. Related to pigeons and doves, it stood about a meter (3 feet) tall, weighing about 20 kilograms (44 lb), living on fruit and nesting on the ground.

The dodo has been extinct since the mid-to-late 17th century.It is commonly used as the archetype of an extinct species because its extinction occurred during recorded human history, and was directly attributable to human activity.

The phrase "dead as a dodo" means undoubtedly and unquestionably dead, whilst the phrase "to go the way of the dodo" means to become extinct or obsolete, to fall out of common usage or practice, or to become a thing of the past.

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• Megalodon (Extinct 1.6 million years ago)

The megalodon  was a giant shark that lived in prehistoric times during the late Oligocene epoch and Neogene period, approximately 25 to 1.5 million years ago, and was a super-predator.

It was by far the largest and most powerful fish of its time and one of the biggest hypercarnivorous predators ever known with maximum size theorized to be around 20.3 metres (67 ft) in length and 103 metric tons (114 short tons) in weight. From scrutiny of its remains, scientists conclude that C. megalodonbelongs to the order Lamniformes but its genus is disputed. Fossil evidence has revealed that C. megalodon had cosmopolitan distribution and fed upon large marine animals.

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• Steller's Sea Cow (Extinct since 1768)

Steller's sea cow (Hydrodamalis gigas) is a large extinct sirenian mammal. Formerly abundant throughout the North Pacific, its range was limited to a single, isolated population on the uninhabited Commander Islands by 1741 when it was first described by Georg Wilhelm Steller, chief naturalist on an expedition led by explorer Vitus Bering. Within 27 years of discovery by Europeans, the slow moving and easily captured Steller's sea cow was hunted to extinction.

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Scoring from corner kicks.....FIFA 10

Just watch the video...  :)

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Mistakes aren't bad ,not if they lead to new discoveries...are they?

Not all mistakes are bad.Some mistakes, some accidents can get you more than you ever expected. Such mistakes occur in the scientific world quite frequently.Listed here are some of such discoveries and inventions that were a result of the mistakes that worked.

• Vulcanized Rubber:

The rubber in its original form is practically useless being brittle and stiff when cold and sticky when hot.Charles Goodyear had been trying to make it better for several years.But it actually happened by mistake.He brushed  his hands off that had the 'useless' rubber and some sulphur sticking on them onto a hot stove.He noticed that the rubber formed into some kind of gum and  left it out in the cold nailed to his door. He was astonished to find a perfectly elastic substance there by the morning.

• X-Rays

In the nineteenth century, the penetrating rays emitted when electrons hit metal were a matter of interest for many.One such guy was Wilhelm Röntgen.One day he was trying to see the effect they had on objects that came in their way .But he was surprised when he saw the bones of his own hand being projected on the wall.This process led to the the discovery of X-Rays as we know them today. 

• Penicillin

One day in 1928, Alexander Fleming didn't clean up his workstation before leaving.When he returned he found some strange fungus growing on some of his cultures but he was much more surprised when he saw that the bacteria didn't thrive anywhere near it.

Penicillin is still the most widely used antibiotics.

• Artificial Sweeteners

Not washing hands before eating isn't bad specially if they taste sweet.Thats what the scientists who forgot to wash their hands after working with chemicals like aspartame, saccharin, cyclamate found out.Now wasn't that a sweet mistake.

• Microwave Oven

The microwave was a result of things getting hot in Percy Spencer's pants, melting the candy bar in his pocket when he came close to a magnetron.

• Pace Maker

This life saving device was discovered by Greatbatch when he was trying to make a circuit to record the heart sounds. By mistake he used a 1 mega ohm resistor in place of an intended 10,000 ohm one.The resultant circuit pulsed for 1.8 milli-second ,then stopped for a second and then pulsed again giving a perfect heartbeat.

• Teflon

Roy Plunkett ,in an effort to make a new CFC planned to use a gas called TFE.In order to preserve the gas till the time of use, he cooled it and pressured it into canisters.But when the time of opening the canisters came, the gas was gone. Frustrated, he shook the canisters and out came some white flakes which later formed into the teflon we know today.

• Radioactivity

Becquerel back in 1896 ran a series of experiments to see if all fluorescent elements emitted X rays in the sun.But the problem was that it was winter time and the sun refused to show up .Becquerel kept his apparatus in a drawer wrapped up in a paper for the meantime.When the sun finally showed itself ,Becquerel found that the uranium rock had left some imprints on the photographic plate even without being exposed to the sun.He studied this with the Curie couple to discover radioactivity.

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